Search results for: “business”
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20.3 What is Hydrostatic Pressure?
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on that fluid. The greater the vertical height of the fluid, the greater the pressure, all other factors being equal. This principle allows us to infer the level (height) of liquid in a vessel by…
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18.3 Calibration errors and testing
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for instrument technicians. For some technicians – particularly those working in industries where calibration accuracy is mandated by law – the task of routine calibration consumes most of their working time. For other technicians calibration may be an occasional task, but nevertheless…
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15.9 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication “connections” should be established between devices on a digital network. Rather than specifying addresses for routing data packets on a large network (OSI layer 3), layer 4 works on the level of virtual data “ports” at the…
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8.4 Fiber Optic Data Communication
Light has long18 been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is still possible using modern technology, it is far more practical in most cases to channel the light signals through a special strand of optically transparent material called an optical fiber. When packaged in a protective sheath, it is known as…
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15.4 Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies
Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A delay line is any kind of device which delays the propagation of a pulse or wave signal. If you’ve ever heard a sound echo back and forth through a canyon or cave, you’ve experienced an audio delay line: the noise wave travels at…
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14.2 Networks and Busses
This collection of wires that I keep referring to between the tank and the monitoring location can be called a bus or a network. The distinction between these two terms is more semantic than technical, and the two may be used interchangeably for all practical purposes. In my experience, the term “bus” is usually used…
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Creating a Robust Cyber Strategy with Risk Assessment
Cyber breaches have become commonplace in today’s world. Cyber-Crime will cost the world $6 trillion annually by 2021. While most businesses anticipate attacks from outsiders, insider threats have proved to be a significant risk too. Case in point, Anthem- a company that provides Medicaid insurance- had one of its employees steal the data of Medicaid…
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9.8 Practical Considerations – Transformers
Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well designed in order to achieve acceptable power coupling, tight voltage regulation, and low exciting current distortion. Also, transformers must be designed to carry the expected values of primary and secondary winding current without any trouble. This means the winding conductors must be made of…
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5.4 Series-parallel R, L, and C
Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis is not fundamentally different than DC circuit analysis, it should come as no surprise that series-parallel analysis would be the same as well, just using complex numbers instead of a scalar to represent voltage, current, and impedance. Take this series-parallel circuit for example: Example…
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1.1 What is Alternating Current (AC)?
Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as direct current (DC), which is electricity flowing in a constant direction, and/or possessing a voltage with constant polarity. DC is the kind of electricity made by a battery (with definite positive and negative terminals), or the kind of charge generated by rubbing certain…
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Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Risk Assessment: Effective or Just Hype?
Increasing cyber-attacks and their evolving forms affect everyone, from businesses to government offices and individuals. Cyber criminals will stop at nothing to defeat security systems and inflict damage to properties, finances, and reputations. Accenture’s 2019 Cost of Cybercrime study reports that security breaches have increased by 67% over the last five years, with the average…
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4.1 Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses
In the previous section where we talked about Link layer addresses, we said that link addresses were assigned when the hardware was manufactured and stayed the same throughout the life of a computer. We cannot use link layer addresses to route packets across multiple networks because there is no relationship between a link layer address…
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1.1 Communicating at a Distance
Imagine a group of five people in a room sitting in a circle. As long as they are courteous and don’t have more than one conversation at the same time, it’s quite natural for any person to talk to any other person in the room. They just need to be able to hear each other…
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12.3 Conductor Ampacity
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The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater the resistance for any given length, all other factors being equal. A wire with greater resistance will dissipate a greater amount of heat energy for any given amount of current, the power being equal to P=I2R. Dissipated power due to a conductor’s resistance manifests itself in…
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What Lies Beyond The Industry Of On-Demand Series Production
On-Demand TV and video series have emerged as a primary choice for providing quality entertainment due to the increased choice of shows and the changing trend in viewing. In fact, the consumption of VOD content has significantly increased across various age groups, with millennials and people who belong to the Gen Z leading the way.…