²⁵An alternate solution is to install a positioner on the control valve, which acts as a secondary (cascaded) controller seeking to equalize stem position with the loop controller’s output signal at all times. However, this just “shifts” the problem from one controller to another. I have seen examples of control valves with severe packing friction which will self-oscillate their own positioners (i.e. the positioner will “hunt” back and forth for the correct valve stem position given a constant signal from the loop controller)! If valve stem friction can be minimized, it should be minimized.